Trilithium resin spreading through the atmosphere of Solosos III.
Trilithium resin was a highly-toxic waste product that was produced by the engines of Starfleet vessels in the 24th century. A volatile substance, trilithium resin was highly-sought after for use as a powerful explosive. Storing and moving it was a highly delicate process and required specialized equipment.
In 2369, a group of weapons dealers led by Kelsey attempted to steal trilithium resin from the warp core of the USS Enterprise-D while it was undergoing a baryon sweep at Arkaria Base. They were stopped by Captain Jean-Luc Picard. (TNG: "Starship Mine")
When introduced into an atmosphere, trilithium resin acts as a biogenic weapon and is lethal to Humans (but not Cardassians). Two hundred kilograms of trilithium resin is enough to make a planet uninhabitable to Humans for fifty years. Captain Benjamin Sisko poisoned the atmosphere of Solosos III with trilithium resin in 2373 in response to Michael Eddington's use of cobalt diselenide. (DS9: "For the Uniform")