The Treaty of Alliance (also known as the Klingon Alliance) was the official agreement that established the alliance between the United Federation of Planets and the Klingon Empire. Vulcan ambassador Sarek (TNG: "Sarek") was one of the key figures behind the negotiations that created the alliance, and his son, ambassador Spock, was the one who proposed the alliance. (VOY: "Alliances") The Treaty was regarded with controvery when first suggested, but later proved to be a cornerstone for peace in the Alpha Quadrant.
The Federation-Klingon alliance represented a fundamental shift in the balance of power in the Alpha and Beta Quadrants, as the two former enemies united. According to the treaty's terms, each side could request the other's assistance in fighting against its enemies. This clause, in part, forced the Romulan Star Empire to the sidelines, unable to compete against the combined forces of the Federation and the Klingons. As a result, the Romulans devoted considerable resources towards trying to break up the alliance, albeit without success. (TNG: "Reunion", "The Mind's Eye", "Redemption", "Redemption II")
The Treaty allowed the Federation to conduct health and safety inspections of Klingon vessels within Federation space. It also allowed for unrestricted travel by each side in the other's space. (TNG: "Gambit, Part II")
By contrast, in 2372 the Dominion was able to break the alliance by manipulating the Klingon Empire into an unprovoked invasion of the Cardassian Union, an action condemned by the Federation. The alliance was resumed the following year, after the Dominion joined the Cardassians' war against the Klingons. (DS9: "The Way of the Warrior", "By Inferno's Light")
During the war, the Dominion worked with the Orion Syndicate on another way to break the alliance. By using Klingon weapons to assassinate an anti-Federation ambassador, it was hoped Gowron would be implicated and the Klingon people would call for the alliance to end. (DS9: "Honor Among Thieves")
- The Treaty of Alliance may have been signed around the same time as the Second Khitomer Accords which were mentioned in Star Trek: Insurrection. Various DS9 episodes seemed to equate the Khitomer Accords with the Treaty of Alliance, implying that they were connected in some way.
- It is unclear when exactly The Treaty of Alliance was signed. In 2344 Klingon-Federation relations became better after "Enterprise-C" attempted to save Klingon outpost on Narendra III during Romulan attack on it. (TNG: "Yesterday's Enterprise") In TNG: "Sarek" William Riker said that he learned about the career of Sarek at school and also mentioned the Klingon Alliance as one of a Sarek`s achievements. Riker entered Starfleet Academy in 2353, therefore in order for him to have learned about the formation of the Klingon Alliance at the Academy, it must have occurred prior to his entrance. So, if it was signed in 24 century, it could have happened between 2344 and 2353.