A termite is an insect that eats wood. They can be quite destructive, especially to houses. The genus of Termite's have been found on many class M planets.
Vulcan has several species of termites native to their planet.
Loracus Prime had five thousand species of them. Loracus Prime's termites are also famous for having inspired Hodgkin's Law of Parallel Planetary Development in the early 22nd century. (ENT: "Strange New World")
In the Julian Bashir, Secret Agent holoprogram, Doctor Hippocrates Noah compares the Human race to termites: "There comes a time when a house has been so damaged by termites that you must not only kill the termites... but demolish the house... and build again." (DS9: "Our Man Bashir")