A phone booth was a shelter containing a public pay telephone, a common sight on 20th century Earth.
In 1986, a time traveling Uhura and Pavel Chekov looked up the US Navy base in Alameda using a copy of the Yellow Pages that they found in a phone booth. (Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home)
A payphone was located outside of Alexandria Books in the late 20th century. (VOY: "11:59")
In an alternate timeline in the year 2401, there was a phone booth located on a street in Okinawa when Elnor and other alien rebels blew up a building. (PIC: "Penance")