A sand fire is a type of sandstorm that occurs in Vulcan deserts. These storms advance at high speeds and are characterized by strong winds and blinding sand, as well as lightning-like discharges of electricity close to the ground. Sand fires can last from hours to days, during which travelers must seek shelter in a sealed space.
In 2154, Captain Jonathan Archer, Commander T'Pol, and Arev were caught in a sand fire in Vulcan's Forge. They took shelter in a cave, but Arev was killed by an electrical strike. (ENT: "The Forge")
A sand fire in the Vulcan's Forge
Archer and T'Pol run from a sand fire (2154)