The SS Columbia was a Federation survey vessel in the 23rd century.
The Columbia crashed on Talos IV in 2236 while on a survey expedition in the unexplored Talos Star Group for the American Continent Institute under Dr. Theodore Haskins. The only survivor of the crash was Vina (TOS:"The Cage", TOS:"The Menagerie").
Some fans speculate that this is the same vessel as the NX-02 Columbia, once captained by Erika Hernandez. It's not uncommon for military institutions to refurbish their vessels multiple times over the years and assign them to different missions.