The Romulan Ministry of Science was the branch of the Romulan government that handled technological and scientific matters.
In 2375, the Ministry worked together with Starfleet Engineering to find a countermeasure to the Breen energy dampening weapon, which was capable of incapacitating entire starships with a few shots. Among the casualties at the First Battle of Chin'toka was the USS Defiant. Unfortunately, although the Klingons had found a workaround, it could not be applied to Romulan or Federation vessels. (DS9: "When It Rains...")