A research module was a structure built up in a base camp for scientific research.
In 2153, the A-6 excavation team built up a base camp in the Arctic Circle on Earth to study debris found inside a glacier. The built up three modules with circular doors which were labeled with a notice to follow the contamination protocol, one equipped with a lab, designated as "Research Module C378". Inside this module they examined the two frozen Borg drones they found inside the glacier. (ENT: "Regeneration")