The Kataan star system was a star system in the Silarian sector, containing six planets. One of these planets, Kataan, was once inhabited by a pre-warp civilization. When the primary novaed, in the late 14th century, all life in the system was destroyed. All that remained of the civilization were a probe, a flute, and the memories of one inhabitant of a community on the planet, Kamin, kept in Captain Jean-Luc Picard's mind. The system remained uncharted by the Federation into the mid-24th century. (TNG: "The Inner Light")
According to the Star Trek Encyclopedia (3rd ed., p. 232), the primary of this system was named Kataan.