Jean Valjean is the main character in Victor Hugo's novel, Les Misérables.
Michael Eddington compared himself to Valjean and Benjamin Sisko to his nemesis Inspector Javert. Javert pursued Valjean for a menial crime, just as Eddington believed Sisko did of him. (DS9: "For the Uniform")
Other members of the Maquis named one of their raiders, the Val Jean, after Hugo's hero. (VOY: "Repression")