Sensor scans of gasoline
Gasoline was a form of liquid fuel created from refined petroleum. It is made up of complex hydrocarbons including benzene, ethylene and acetylene. During the 20th and 21st century it was used to drive internal combustion engines in Earth vehicles until the latter half of the 21st century. (VOY: "The 37's", ENT: "Carpenter Street")
Molotov cocktails used gasoline to generate a fire. (DS9: "Past Tense, Part I")
When Captain Archer and T'Pol time traveled back to 2004, they borrowed a parked Dodge Ram and realized it needed gasoline when an icon blinked on the dashboard, reminding them that they'd need currency in that time period. (ENT: "Carpenter Street")
Shannon O'Donnell's first visit to Portage Creek, Indiana, on December 27, 2000, was because she was in need of gas, food, and lodging. (VOY: "11:59")
During the USS Excelsior's encounter with Kang's battle cruiser in 2293 in the Azure Nebula, it was suggested by Tuvok that the ship could emit a modulated positron beam to a subspace frequency to trigger a thermochemical reaction in the nebula's sirillium to fashion an escape. Captain Sulu, who was keen on the suggestion, likened it to "tossing a match into a pool of gasoline." (VOY: "Flashback")
The crew of the USS Voyager discovered traces of gasoline mixed in a trail of rust left by a 1936 Ford truck they found adrift in the Delta Quadrant. (VOY: "The 37's")
During a deuterium shortage aboard Voyager in 2374, Tom Paris said that even traveling at one quarter impulse they would be "out of gas inside a week". (VOY: "Demon")