Enterprise (OV-101) was a American space shuttle that was in service with NASA in the late 20th century to early 21st century. Enterprise was the first shuttle in NASA's Space Shuttle program.
An artistic rendition of the space shuttle Enterprise was displayed in Jonathan Archer's ready room, showing Enterprise in flight. (Star Trek: Enterprise)
Featured in a display (center) of ships named Enterprise
It was also honored with a portrait on the refit USS Enterprise's recreation deck. (Star Trek: The Motion Picture)
This space shuttle Enterprise also appeared docked to the International Space Station as a model in Benjamin Sisko's office on Deep Space 9. (Star Trek Encyclopedia)
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Appendices
Background information
The cast of TOS in front of the Enterprise
Enterprise was Earth's first reusable test vehicle. She was used primarily to verify the performance of the Space Shuttle Orbiter design during final approach and landing and never flew in space. She is currently displayed in the Udvar-Hazy Center of the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum.
The first space shuttle was originally supposed to be named Constitution, in honor of the United States' bicentennial celebrations in 1976. However, a massive fan letter campaign organized by Bjo Trimble produced over 200,000 letters asking President Gerald Ford to name the shuttle Enterprise after the Star Trek starship instead. However, here we encounter a paradox, as the Enterprise of the TV series was named after various vessels called "Enterprise", among them the shuttle. (This paradox does, however, manage to establish, in a way, the tradition that all orbiters are named after important ships of history, although all other orbiters were named for ships of discovery, not ships of war.)
In the real world, Enterprise (OV-101) was not designed to be space-worthy, and was meant only for atmospheric tests. It was then intended to be modified for space flight, however, cost and planning issues side-lined those plans, as well as later plans to upgrade it as a replacement for one of the lost shuttles. It is entirely possible that these plans were followed in Trek's history.
The model of the Enterprise docked with the International Space Station seen in Sisko's office on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine was given to the series as a gift by Majel Barrett. (Star Trek Encyclopedia)
Footage of the shuttle Enterprise was included in the montage of historic images showing the opening credits for Star Trek: Enterprise is actually one of the later shuttles with the name Enterprise digitally inserted. In both prototype Space Shuttles, Enterprise and Columbia, the orbiter names were painted on the cargo bay doors just above the hinge and behind the crew module (besides having the unique wing marks of USA and the American flag alone, each on one wing). For Challenger and the following production models, the names were painted on the side of the crew module below the cockpit windows to facilitate the reading of orbiter names in photographs taken while the cargo bay doors were open. Columbia itself was modified after to follow this rule after STS-9, and eventually would lose the unique wing markings in its 2000 overhaul. Enterprise was painted sometime in the early 80s to better resemble space-worthy shuttles, including Challenger-like wing markings, but to this day her name markings remain on the cargo bay doors.