Colombia was a nation in northern South America on the planet Earth.
On May 23, 2233, future USS Enterprise pilot Erica Ortegas was born in the city of Barranquilla. (SNW: "Among the Lotus Eaters")
A map of the world, showing Colombia, was present in the library computer of the USS Enterprise in 2254. (TOS: "The Cage")
Sometime after the Khitomer Accords, Harcourt Fenton Mudd began a raktajino business in Colombia, distributing the Klingon coffee throughout the Federation. It was a popular beverage on Deep Space 9. (The Art of Star Trek; DS9: "Trials and Tribble-ations")