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| + | {{pna-incomplete}} |
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| + | {{Sidebar element| |
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| + | | Name = Carbon |
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| + | | Symbol = C |
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| + | | ANum = 6 |
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| + | | AWgt = 12 |
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| + | :'''''C''' redirects here. For an article on the speed of light, see [[Speed of light]].'' |
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| + | '''Carbon''' was a [[chemical]] [[element]] with the symbol '''C''' and [[atom]]ic number 6 on the [[periodic table]]. It is a non-[[metal]] and the basis for the great variety of [[chemical compound]]s that make up [[lifeform|organic life]]. Carbon is tetravalent and thus able to form covalent chemical bonds with a wide variety of other chemical elements, such as [[hydrogen]], [[oxygen]], [[chlorine]], and [[nitrogen]] – to name a few – and most notably with other carbon atoms. Carbon atoms can bond to each other to form open-chain compounds or cyclic (ring) compounds - both of which may have branches - ultimately resulting in a vast number and variety of complex compounds and molecules often vital to organic functionality and [[life support]]. Without carbon, the basis for life as we know it would be impossible. {{incite|Any in-universe citation?}} |
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| − | {| class="wiki-sidebar" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | class="odd" | Name: |
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| − | | class="even" | Carbon |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | class="odd" | Symbol: |
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| − | | class="even" | C |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | class="odd" | Atomic Numer: |
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| − | | class="even" | 6 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | class="odd" | Atomic Weight: |
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| − | | class="even" | 12 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | class="odd" | Melting Point: |
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| − | | class="even" | ~3550° C |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | class="odd" | Boiling Point: |
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| − | | class="even" | 4827° C |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | class="odd" | Specific Gravity: |
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| − | | class="even" | 1.8 - 2.1 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | class="odd" | Valence: |
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| − | | class="even" | 2, 3, or 4 |
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| + | Before determinations of the age of carbonaceous materials could be made on a [[quantum level]], radiocarbon dating was used to determine the age of organic materials. {{incite}} |
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| − | Carbon is an [[element]] very widely distributed throughout the [[star]]s, [[comet]]s, and [[atmosphere]]s of many [[planet]]s. Carbon is unique among the elements in the vast number and variety of compounds it can form, and for being a building-block of [[lifeform|organic life]]. |
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| + | Carbon is very widely-distributed throughout [[star]]s, [[comet]]s, and [[atmosphere]]s of many [[planet]]s. On [[Earth]] it is found in the atmosphere as [[carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]], in carbonates like limestone, and in [[coal]], [[petroleum]], and natural [[gas]] - the [[fossil fuel]]s. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, [[helium]], and oxygen. {{incite}} |
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| − | Carbon was formerly found in three forms: amorphous, graphite, and [[diamond]]. A fourth form, known as "white" carbon, now exists. Graphite is one of the softest known materials, while diamond is one of the hardest. Carbon, abundant in [[Earth]]'s atmosphere, is also dissolved in all its natural [[water]]s. It is a component of massive rock masses of limestone, [[magnesium]], and [[iron]]. Coal, petroleum, and natural [[gas]] are chiefly [[hydrocarbon]]s. |
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| + | Carbon has at least three forms, called allotropes, the best known of which are graphite and [[diamond]]. Another form, known as "white" carbon, now exists. Graphite is one of the softest known materials, mainly due the flat sheets of carbon atoms that only cling together weakly, while diamond is one of the hardest - consisting of C atoms connecting to four others at the corners of a tetrahedron, resulting in an extremely hard, dense compound. {{incite}} |
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| − | Linking with [[hydrogen]], [[oxygen]], [[nitrogen]] and other ''carbon'' [[atom]]s, carbon forms a huge number of compounds, often vital to organic functionality and [[life support]]. Without carbon, the basis for life as we know it would be impossible. |
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| − | [[Energy]] from stars can be attributed partially to the carbon-[[nitrogen]] cycle. |
+ | [[Energy]] from stars and thus the fusion mechanism powering stars can be attributed partially to the carbon-[[nitrogen]] cycle. {{incite}} |
| + | Carbon-70 is used in the casing of [[combadge]]s along with [[beryllium]], [[silicon]] and [[gold]]. The term refers not to an isotope (as a carbon atom containing six protons and 64 neutrons would be extremely unstable), but an allotrope comprised of seventy ordinary carbon atoms in a geodesic configuration commonly called a "fullerene". {{incite}} |
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| − | Carbon has seven isotopes. The Carbon-12 isotope is the basis for atomic weights. Carbon-14, a long-lived [[isotope]], was widely used to date [[history|historical]] artifacts, before it could be done at the [[quantum level]]. |
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| − | Carbon is |
+ | Carbon is used in the making of [[carbon steel]]. ({{ENT|Storm Front}}) |
| + | In [[2153]], [[Arctic Archaeology Team]] [[scientist]] {{dis|Rooney|female}} found some carbon traces in the [[debris]] field in the [[Arctic Circle]]. ({{ENT|Regeneration}}) |
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| − | ==References== |
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| + | |||
| − | *[[TOS]]: "[[The Omega Glory]]" |
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| + | In [[2154]], [[Commander]] [[Charles Tucker III|"Trip" Tucker]] and [[Ensign]] [[Hoshi Sato]] from {{EnterpriseNX}}, were infected with a [[silicon-based virus]] on an [[M class]] [[planet]]. [[Doctor]] [[Phlox]] was unable to devise a treatment for them, because the virus was incompatible with [[carbon-based lifeform]]s. ({{ENT|Observer Effect}}) |
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| − | *[[VOY]]: "[[Storm Front]]" |
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| − | *[[VOY]]: "[[The Devil in the Dark]]" |
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| + | The [[Federation]]'s offer to purchase the rights to the [[Barzan wormhole]] included that the [[Barzan]]s were to provide the carbon compound structural elements for construction of an orbital facility. ({{TNG|The Price}}) |
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| + | [[Kira Nerys]] told the [[Bajoran]] [[farmer]] [[Mullibok]] after [[supper]] in his [[cottage]] that he couldn't stay on [[Jerrado]]. Once the tapping started, the crust would release [[sulfur]] and carbon compounds that will make the [[air]] unbreathable. ({{DS9|Progress}}) |
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| + | |||
| + | == See also == |
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| + | * [[Carbon dating]] |
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| + | * [[Carbon reaction chamber]] |
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| + | |||
| + | == External link== |
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| + | * {{wikipedia}} |
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| + | |||
| + | [[de:Kohlenstoff]] |
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| + | [[ja:炭素]] |
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| + | [[nl:Koolstof]] |
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| + | [[Category:Elements]] |
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Revision as of 13:58, 24 January 2016
- C redirects here. For an article on the speed of light, see Speed of light.
Carbon was a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6 on the periodic table. It is a non-metal and the basis for the great variety of chemical compounds that make up organic life. Carbon is tetravalent and thus able to form covalent chemical bonds with a wide variety of other chemical elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, and nitrogen – to name a few – and most notably with other carbon atoms. Carbon atoms can bond to each other to form open-chain compounds or cyclic (ring) compounds - both of which may have branches - ultimately resulting in a vast number and variety of complex compounds and molecules often vital to organic functionality and life support. Without carbon, the basis for life as we know it would be impossible. (citation needed • edit)
Before determinations of the age of carbonaceous materials could be made on a quantum level, radiocarbon dating was used to determine the age of organic materials. (citation needed • edit)
Carbon is very widely-distributed throughout stars, comets, and atmospheres of many planets. On Earth it is found in the atmosphere as CO2, in carbonates like limestone, and in coal, petroleum, and natural gas - the fossil fuels. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. (citation needed • edit)
Carbon has at least three forms, called allotropes, the best known of which are graphite and diamond. Another form, known as "white" carbon, now exists. Graphite is one of the softest known materials, mainly due the flat sheets of carbon atoms that only cling together weakly, while diamond is one of the hardest - consisting of C atoms connecting to four others at the corners of a tetrahedron, resulting in an extremely hard, dense compound. (citation needed • edit)
Energy from stars and thus the fusion mechanism powering stars can be attributed partially to the carbon-nitrogen cycle. (citation needed • edit)
Carbon-70 is used in the casing of combadges along with beryllium, silicon and gold. The term refers not to an isotope (as a carbon atom containing six protons and 64 neutrons would be extremely unstable), but an allotrope comprised of seventy ordinary carbon atoms in a geodesic configuration commonly called a "fullerene". (citation needed • edit)
Carbon is used in the making of carbon steel. (ENT: "Storm Front")
In 2153, Arctic Archaeology Team scientist Rooney found some carbon traces in the debris field in the Arctic Circle. (ENT: "Regeneration")
In 2154, Commander "Trip" Tucker and Ensign Hoshi Sato from Enterprise NX-01, were infected with a silicon-based virus on an M class planet. Doctor Phlox was unable to devise a treatment for them, because the virus was incompatible with carbon-based lifeforms. (ENT: "Observer Effect")
The Federation's offer to purchase the rights to the Barzan wormhole included that the Barzans were to provide the carbon compound structural elements for construction of an orbital facility. (TNG: "The Price")
Kira Nerys told the Bajoran farmer Mullibok after supper in his cottage that he couldn't stay on Jerrado. Once the tapping started, the crust would release sulfur and carbon compounds that will make the air unbreathable. (DS9: "Progress")
See also
- Carbon dating
- Carbon reaction chamber