Carbohydrates were organic molecules commonly found in food that filled numerous roles in living organisms.
In 2267, Janet and Theodore Wallace performed experiments using carbohydrate compounds to slow the aging of plants on Aldebaran III. (TOS: "The Deadly Years")
In 2373, Michael Eddington lamented that replicator entrée 103 – curried chicken and rice with a side order of carrots – was actually just replicated protein molecules and textured carbohydrates. (DS9: "Blaze of Glory")
Neelix's energy drink "elixir of endurance," created in an alternate timeline in 2374, was filled with carbohydrates. (VOY: "Year of Hell, Part II")