A boson is a class of particle which was read out on a starship's sensor readings of subspace particle emissions.
Bosons were among the particles listed in the computer's sub-space emission scan read out on the bridge station viewscreens of USS Voyager. (I AM ERROR video playback set artwork)
Some varieties of bosons include:
The "sub-space emission scan 247" screen was a computer graphic artwork played continuously on some monitors on the set of Star Trek: Voyager, aboard Voyager and probably many other starships of the same era. The screen is reproduced legibly in Stephen Edward Poe's A Vision of the Future - Star Trek: Voyager companion book.