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Memory Alpha

The antimatter chamber (or antimatter confinement) was a component of the warp propulsion system aboard most starships that utilized a matter-antimatter reaction, such as Federation starships. The chamber contained a spin reversal system, which generated antiprotons. These antiprotons were used in the warp core to create a reaction with deuterium, in order to provide power to the nacelles. The chamber was connected to the antiproton injection subsystem, which injected antiprotons into the dilithium regulation chamber. Antiprotons were confined to the chamber by antiproton injection seals. Aboard Galaxy-class starships, this chamber was located on Deck 42. The location of this chamber was labeled in the schematic for the secondary hull of the USS Yamato in 2365. (TNG: "Contagion", okudagram)

In the final revised draft of the script for TOS: "The Conscience of the King", an antimatter chamber was said to have been used, by Governor Kodos, to exterminate four thousand colonists, on Tarsus IV, all at once. The chamber was referred to as having been activated by throwing a switch.
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